El objetivo de esta comunicación es realizar una aproximación teórica, a través de una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada, sobre la gobernanza turística y su estado actual. Cómo se aplican los procesos de gobernanza turística en los distintos contextos, observando qué formas de gobernanza son predominantes en función del lugar o del ámbito turístico, cómo se estudian y cuál es el peso relativo de los diversos agentes sociales en la planificación turística. Las prácticas de gobernanza turística varían significativamente en las distintas regiones y sectores. El nivel de relevancia y participación de los stakeholders se encuentra “sectorizado” en función del ámbito turístico. El predominio de las metodologías cualitativas en estudios de casos nos lleva a entender que la mayor comprensión sobre el fenómeno de la gobernanza turística se puede dar en mayor medida, en contextos subjetivos y específicos de acción, por lo que resulta complejo estandarizar unos indicadores o formas de medición únicamente cuantitativas aplicables para todos los casos. Esto nos lleva a plantearnos si una mayor implicación, colaboración y participación de un stakeholder en concreto, implica necesariamente, una mayor capacidad de influencia o decisión sobre los asuntos públicos en cuestión. La gobernanza surge como una respuesta histórica a las tensiones estructurales generadas por las transformaciones económicas globales. Esta interconexión creciente entre lo global y lo local impone la necesidad de formas de actuación más participativas e inclusivas, que trasciendan los esquemas jerárquicos tradicionales. En este contexto, la gobernanza se puede vislumbrar como una estrategia que garantice la equidad y la resiliencia del destino si también se tiene en cuenta no sólo un enfoque de colaboración y participación, sino un enfoque de equilibrio de poderes e influencias entre los distintos agentes, instituciones y estructuras involucradas en el proceso.
Panorama actual de la gobernanza turística: una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada
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